Montgomery Tubercles: Understanding Areola Bumps (2024)

Montgomery tubercles refer to the tiny sebaceous (oil) glands found on the areolas, the colored rings around the nipples. Named after 19th-century Irish obstetrician William Fetherstone Montgomery, these glands typically look like tiny, fleshy bumps.

Montgomery tubercles keep the skin around the nipples lubricated, especially when breastfeeding. They often get bigger in response to hormonal changes, such as during pregnancy. This is normal. They can get clogged or infected, however, which can cause breast pain and swelling.

This article will cover what you need to know about Montgomery tubercles, including when and why they change, what to do if you notice signs of infection, and when to see a healthcare provider.

Montgomery Tubercles and Nipple Changes: What Causes Them?

Montgomery tubercles can become enlarged and appear more prominent for various reasons – both related and unrelated to pregnancy. This is usually nothing to worry about. Most often, this occurs because of shifting hormone levels.

Outside of Pregnancy

You may notice your Montgomery tubercles getting bigger and sticking out more in response to:

• Certain times of the menstrual cycle
• Puberty
• Menopause
• Side effects of certain medications
• Cold weather
• Tight clothing

In Pregnancy

Breasts go through many changes during pregnancy. Nipples and breasts themselves tend to get bigger, while areolas become wider and darker. These changes help to prepare your breasts for nursing and typically persist during the postpartum period.

Montgomery tubercles often become noticeably enlarged during pregnancy. This is most likely to provide lubrication for the nipples so they don’t dry out when breastfeeding. Some researchers believe that Montgomery tubercles also help to promote lactation and keep bacteria away from the mammary glands. They may shrink and return to their regular appearance after you stop nursing your baby.

Why Not to Squeeze Montgomery Tubercles

It may be tempting to squeeze Montgomery tubercles, especially if they’re enlarged or inflamed. However, it’s important not to pick at the bumps. This could introduce bacteria, which could lead to infection. It’s best to stay hands off except for washing them when you bathe or shower.

Do Montgomery Tubercles Get Clogged or Infected?

Montgomery tubercles can become clogged, infected, and/or blocked if bacteria enters the affected glands. Signs of infection may include:

• Breast pain
• Swelling
• Redness
• Skin that is warm to the touch
• Fever
• Inflammation
• Clear or brownish discharge

Infected Montgomery tubercles are typically treated with oral and/or intravenous (IV) antibiotics. Rarely, they may need to be surgically lanced and drained.

How to Soothe Painful Montgomery Tubercles

In most cases, enlarged Montgomery tubercles will get smaller and less prominent when you’re done breastfeeding. If they’re enlarged for another reason, such as hormonal changes during your menstrual cycle, they are also most likely to resolve on their own with time.

If your pain persists, you may be able to soothe your symptoms by applying a wet, warm compress to the affected area. To avoid pain during breastfeeding, apply lanolin ointment to the nipples and areolas. You can also protect your nipples from excessive dryness by wearing comfortable, loose-fitting bras and rinsing your breasts off with water rather than washing them with soap.

When to See a Healthcare Provider

You should reach out to a healthcare provider about your Montgomery tubercles if you experience any symptoms of infection, such as:

• Swelling
• Pain
• Discharge
• Fatigue
• Pus
• Chills
• Fever

In very rare cases, breast changes could be a sign of breast cancer. Make an appointment with a healthcare provider right away if you experience any of the following symptoms:

• Dimpled skin
• Swelling, a lump, and/or a palpable mass in one or both breasts
• Persistent pain in the breasts, nipples, or both
• Discolored, dry, or flaky skin
• Nipple discharge
• Swollen lymph nodes in the armpit(s)
• A retracted nipple

Summary

Montgomery tubercles are tiny sebaceous glands around the areolas that help to keep the nipples moisturized. These small lumps often get bigger during pregnancy, nursing, puberty, menopause, and menstrual periods. This is typically healthy and normal.

Sometimes, Montgomery tubercles get infected or clogged. This usually requires treatment with antibiotics. Reach out to a healthcare provider if you experience symptoms of infection.